# Font Bitmap

## Introduction

Font Bitmap (FBM) is the custom font format used by the Blastproof bootloader. It has been designed to be simple and support a selected set of features useful and simple to render from a bare metal environnement. This font format is generated by the `fontgen` utility. In this file, we describe how they are structured, not how they are generated, rendered or used. Please take note that this format has been designed for the x86-64 architecture and for little endian usage. More precisely, all multibytes integer are little endian, except codepoint encoding (see below).

## Header

Each FBM font start with the following 10 bytes header:
- Signature: 3 bytes that are set to `FBM` in ASCII
- Encoding: 1 byte. Reserved encoding are 0x01 for ASCII, 0x08 for UTF-8 and 0x10 for UTF-16
- Entries count: 4 bytes, indicate the number of glyph inside the file
- Width: 1 byte, the width in pixel of a glyph
- Height: 1 byte, the heigth in pixel of a glyph

Please note that the provided font in Vystem are only tested for ASCII encoding.

## Glyphs table

Each glyph occupies `4+width*height` bytes. 

### Codepoint

The 4 first byte are for the codepoint. The codepoint is encoded as detailled below, **no matter the endianness**:
- ASCII: the first byte of the codepoint is the ASCII code, the next 3 are set to 0
- UTF-8: if `N` is the amount of byte the UTF-8 code take, then the first `N` are to be set to the UTF-8 code bytes, and the next `4-N` bytes are set to 0
- UTF-16: if 2 bytes are used, the two first bytes of the UTF-16 code are set into the first two bytes of the codepoint. If 4 bytes are used, use all codepoint bytes

In all cases, the useful bytes are always left-aligned and the unused bytes are set to 0. The codepoint `0xFFFFFFFF` is reserved for the replacement character in case of missing character in the font.

### Pixel encoding

Each pixel is encoded with two values in mind:
- a boolean indicating if the pixel is on or off
- a 4 bit value indicating the shading of the pixel, ranging from 0 (background color) to 15 (text full color)

Each pixel is encoded on one byte with the following scheme:
- Bit 0 (MSB): shading bit 0 (MSB of the shading value)
- Bit 1: second bit of the first byte of the codepoint
- Bit 2: shading bit 1
- Bit 3: fourth bit of the second byte of the codepoint
- Bit 4: shading bit 2
- Bit 5: sixth bit of the third byte of the codepoint
- Bit 6: shading bit 3 (LSB of the shading value)
- Bit 7: on/off bit

Note: above, when we provide a bit index, it starting from left to rigth. It apply to pixel byte, shading value and bit index for corruption detection.

When rendering the font, the renderer will take two values: background color and text color. It will create a scale ranging from 0 to 15 using linear interpolation and apply the expected color to each pixel using this scale and the shading value. The bit 1, 3 and 5 of each pixel is set to bits found in the codepoint to detect corruption. The pixels are stored in a grid, line by line, from top to bottom.

## Provided font

Vystem provide a basic font named `bitra`, with 12 pixels as width and 20 as height, only supporting ASCII characters. This font is stored in the file `bitra-medium-ascii.fbm`.